What's Inside
Search the Site
Tip/Quote of the Day # 3752
"A major consideration concerning the horse’s posture in all lateral movements is the bend in the rib cage behind the withers. For achieving this bend is the foundation for the suppleness of the entire horse. One will never achieve this bend if one rides the lateral movements on four tracks too early, or if one tries to force these movements with crude aids, and if one forgets to reposition one’s legs in the transitions from one lateral movement to another." ~ Borries von Oeynhausen
Did you enjoy this article? If so, please share with your friends! Look for the share buttons on the far right side of the page. Thank you!
Related Articles:
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3676
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3701
- Adding More *Scope* to Your Lateral Work - For Better Dressage Scores!
- A Test to See If Your Horse is in LATERAL Self Carriage
- Do You Know What Skills You and Your Horse Need to Have Before Entering a Novice Level Event?
- The Order of Aids For Changing Your Horse's Bend From One Side to the Other
- The Counted Walk - a Tool to Improve Your Horse's Carriage in Dressage
- Lateral Work as "Medicine" For the Dressage Horse
- Quin's Blog post # 2: The Ultimate Answer to Riding, the Universe, and Everything
- Ruth's Blog post # 5: Connection Issues in Canter Transitions
- An Exercise to Teach Your Horse to Be More HOT to Your Inside Leg Aid
- Question # 334: Kayla has a question about how to go about training the horse to do the more difficult lateral movements that require the horse to move in the direction of the bend.
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1671
- A Test of Your Flatwork Training (For All Levels!)
- Horses that Tilt Their Head in Dressage
- The Benefits of "Stair Stepping" Your Lateral Exercises
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1709
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1533
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3403
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2857
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2441
- All About the Volte!
- Video # 102: This is Kellyn, riding Novice level test B
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1200
- The Most Productive Way to Begin Each Ride
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 683
- Keep Your Aids Dynamic
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4073
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3746
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3725
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3193
- An Exercise to Help You Improve ALL of Your Downward Transitions
- Basic Suppling Exercise # 5
- Video Discussion # 90: This video shows the various lateral movements in detail, and demonstrates the great exercise of transitions back and forth between shoulder in and renvers.
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4266
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3401
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2858
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1587
- Signs That Your Performance Horse Might Be Sore
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4423
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4343
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3763
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3563
- There Are Always Two Sides to Every Story - Even Between You and Your Horse!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3096
- Guest Blog post # 109: Out of Order in the (Dressage) Court, by Bill Woods
- Rider Leg Aids
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2335
- An Exercise to Help You to Refine Your Turning Aids
- Video # 309 and Question # 325: Kayla is finding it difficult to keep her horse on the aids in walk to halt transitions.
- Help to Ensure That Your Horse LIKES His or Her Job!
- The Wiggly Worm Exercise
- The Pre Flight Checklist
- The Corridor of Aids
- Question # 254: At what level would a turn on the forehand show up on a dressage test? (Julie)
- A Trainer's Responsibility! (That's YOU!) (Current Freebie!)
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4235
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4133
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3813
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3246
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3040
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2844
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2821
- Where a Rider Should Look When Riding the Various Lateral Movements
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 729
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3092
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4394
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3634
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4479
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4308
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3957
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3797
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2766
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 55: Filling Your Treasure Chest
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 54: The Power of a Plan
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 53: Personality Part 2: Internalizer or Externalizer
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 52: Personality Part 1: Past, Present, Future
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 51: Who do you compare yourself to... it really matters!
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 50: Horses as mirrors: Does it work the other way around?
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 49: Respect: Essential for horse and rider
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 48: Working with horses is complicated... that's a good thing
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 47: Courage... Is it as simple as "Cowgirl Up" ?
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2270
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1788
- Video # 312 and Question # 331: This is Rachael!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1748
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1690
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1470
- Does Your Horse Pick Up the Canter With His Haunches In?
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1125
- The Problems in the Eventing World Today! (written in 2014) (Current freebie!)
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4505
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4502
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4459
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4419
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3830
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3735
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3616
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3358
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3305
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3176
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3146
- Guest Blog # 116: "The Cone of Uncertainty" by Bill Woods
- 3 Distinctly Different Ways of Controlling Your Horse's Shoulders in Circles, Turns & Lateral Work
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2242
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2024
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1843
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1790
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1774
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1751
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1601
- The *Volume* of Your Aids
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1530
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1511
- Video # 104: This is Kayla riding Novice level test B
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1283
- 3 Signs That Your Bending Aids Are Working Correctly
- Tips For Managing the Hot/Anxious Type of Horse
- My All Time Favorite Suppling Exercise!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4508
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4335
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4274
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4200
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4017
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3955
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3951
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3815
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3694
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3500
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3394
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3202
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2949
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2818
- Video # 325: This is Bridget doing a Dressage test!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2664
- Question # 353: Amanda has a question about how to teach her young horse to lift and use his back correctly.
- Guest Blog post # 102: "Stat!" by Bill Woods
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1594
- An Exercise For Riders at All Levels, That Will Improve Your Dressage Test!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1382
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1362
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 808
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4483
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3447
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4393
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4236
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3615
- An Exercise to Help You to Find Your Abdominal Muscles When in the Saddle
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2321
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1481
- Riding From "Front to Back"
- Dressage Canter Adjustability Exercise
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4506
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4482
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4458
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4314
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4237
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4117
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4013
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4000
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3974
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3958
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3911
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3909
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3901
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3889
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3509
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3494
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3405
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3294
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3212
- Is Your Free Walk Really FREE? And Do You Make Good Use Of It?
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2955
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2914
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2889
- Video # 323, and Question # 355: Rose would like some help with her 6 yo Connemara mare, who tends to be tense and rushy.
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2668
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2601
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 59: Coping with Stress and Anxiety: Part II - Connection
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 58: Coping with Stress and Anxiety - Part I: The Worry Bucket
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 57: Desperately Dependent or Fiercely Independent: Finding the right balance
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 56: How long will this take??
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2446
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 46: Safety and Security - Essential tools for learning.
- Is Your Horse Sore in These Very Common Areas??
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2099
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1906
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1825
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1797
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1776
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1753
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1730
- Video # 311 and Question # 329: Kayla is practicing BN test A, and has a few questions.
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1710
- Keeping the Older Horse Going Strong
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4476
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4339
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4254
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4230
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4164
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4143
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4083
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4004
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4001
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3945
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3760
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3730
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3710
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3657
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3654
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3625
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3472
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3395
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3390
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3280
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3251
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3230
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3217
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3150
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3104
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3006
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2974
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2936
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2925
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2805
- The 'Half-Go'
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2661
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2650
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2633
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2627
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2598
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2543
- An Exercise to Rev Your Horse’s Motor - Building Impulsion & Hind Leg Engagement
- How to Train for Self Carriage at the Gallop
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2327
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2284
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2037
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1891
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1871
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1865
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1838
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1815
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1787
- An Exercise to Help Improve Your Horse's Connection Over the Back
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1754
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1750
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1721
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1707
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1678
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1657
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1650
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1615
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1604
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1603
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1570
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1567
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1565
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1561
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1510
- Question # 315: My half halts seem to work pretty well on the flat, but between jumps my horse tends to blow me off. He fights the bit and just keeps going at whatever speed he wants. What can I do to make him listen to me? (Aimee)
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1491
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1480
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1466
- The “Floor” of Your Dressage Seat
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1324
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1261
- The "Shoulder Yield" Exercise
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1202
- Video # 89: This is Eileen!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1007
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 963
- Question # 279: I am working on up and downward transitions to the canter with my 17 year old OTTB. He is going great the the right, really lifting in the upward and going down to the trot easily. When I switch to the left...
- The Use of Patterns in the Training of Dressage
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 804
- Basic Suppling Exercise # 4
- Square Exercise # 2 - The Diamond Exercise
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4484
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4445
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4395
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4270
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4066
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4034
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3954
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3926
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3913
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3655
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3245
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3206
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2739
- Basic Suppling Exercise # 6
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2513
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2479
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2294
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2141
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2115
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1586
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1546
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1531
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1386
- Brianna's Blog Post # 11
- Basic Suppling Exercise # 2
- Video # 48: This is Kayla on another very nice horse, this time riding Novice Test B!
- The Tail Tells the Story
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4247
- Does Your Horse Fall In When Lunging?
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4350
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4283
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4155
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4153
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3664
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3582
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3371
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3166
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3129
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3071
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2815
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2508
- Question # 354: Linda has a question about one of my quotes on "giving the reins."
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2400
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2281
- All Roads Lead to Rome.... Or Do They??
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1894
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1845
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1757
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1737
- Question # 318: My horse and I are continuing on in training and he has really become much more balanced over all in the show jumping. Before he used to land and have such a large canter stride that it seemed like most of my focus was...
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1574
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4436
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4418
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4400
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4396
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4330
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4316
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4289
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4275
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4249
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4226
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4210
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4191
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4189
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4075
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4014
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3891
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3881
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3771
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3724
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3612
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3608
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3571
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3567
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3545
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3475
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3463
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3454
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3450
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3444
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3439
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3432
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3301
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3290
- Guest Blog # 120: Too Focused? by Bill Woods
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3289
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3227
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3210
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3164
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3156
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3051
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3020
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3011
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2972
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2948
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2940
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2932
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2859
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2710
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2609
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2564
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2522
- An Exercise to Help Teach Your Horse to Seek the Connection
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2448
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2343
- A Mental Trick to Help You to Think More About Your Horse's Hind Legs When Riding & Jumping
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2314
- Sport Psych in a Minute, with Dr. Haefner - Video # 45: Confidence: State or Trait...it matters
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2221
- A Simple Exercise to Help You to Relax and Reset the Position of Your Shoulders When Riding
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2060
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2058
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1899
- Question # 341: Amy has a question about a new horse she is riding, who is not a big fan of flatwork!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1864
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1840
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1831
- Dr. Haefner's Blog post # 9: A Different Take on a Performance “State of Mind”
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1808
- Guest Blog post # 101: "Roundly Critiqued" by Bill Woods
- Discussion # 162: The shoulder in is considered to be the "mother" of all lateral movements. Can anyone tell us why this is so?
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1786
- Quin's Blog post # 4: Praising the Snort
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1783
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1773
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1772
- Question # 333: Kayla has a question about core/ab exercises for her horse.
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1770
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1765
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1752
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1745
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1738
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1736
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1725
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1723
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1717
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1705
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1669
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1661
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1634
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1605
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1589
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1534
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1525
- An Advanced Trot Pole Exercise to Improve Suppleness, Strength, and Rideability
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1472
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1430
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1413
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1391
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1352
- Question # 306: Do you recommend getting a pure showjumping coach or an eventing coach to help with showjumping issues? (Ashleigh)
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1282
- Guest Blog post # 80: "The Professional Edge: Classically driven or Client driven?" by Bill Kraatz
- Improving the Trot
- Training and Conditioning the Young Event Horse
- Video # 101: This is Kellyn and her horse, Bauer, doing their Novice level show jumping round!
- How Your Driving Habits Relate to Your Riding Habits
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4514
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4474
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4471
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4466
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4428
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4405
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4290
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4175
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4084
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 4016
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3944
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3923
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3904
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3900
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3863
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3845
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3758
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3755
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3656
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3644
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3629
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3622
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3533
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3416
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3287
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3200
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3149
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3108
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3098
- Discussion # 182: Let's talk about refreshing your horse's response to the inside leg before you begin a circle!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3083
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 3066
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2935
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2918
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2907
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2819
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2717
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2692
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2691
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2584
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2547
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2476
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2436
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2423
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2399
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2344
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2289
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2261
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2258
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2224
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2199
- "Reset" Your Aids
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2164
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2154
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2101
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2028
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 2005
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1884
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1883
- Advanced Jumping Exercise # 1
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1780
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1777
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1775
- Quin's Blog post # 3: How are you and your horse communicating?
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1734
- Video # 310: This is Susanne and her lovely horse Corelli, schooling cross country!
- Tip/Quote of the Day # 1674






